African Immigration to the United States

African Immigrants in the United States: The Gendering Significance of Race? examines recent trends and implications of the growth of African immigration to the United States. Mamadi Corra highlights several resulting sociodemographic processes underway, including the changing composition of the foreign-born and US Black populations. Corra also explores sociodemographic profiles of these "new African Americans" or "new Americans," highlighting the increasing diversity, yet also the racialized portrait of this group. Corra discusses key patterns including the shifting racial and gender composition of immigrants, with a growing proportion of "Black" and female African immigrants and a decreasing proportion of "White" and male immigrants. The book also compares socioeconomic profiles of African immigrants with other immigrant groups and Native American subgroups. Taken together, Corra discovers that the salience of race that is mediated by gender.

This volume addresses the underlying intersections of race, class, and gender on immigrant girls' experiences living in the US. It examines the impact of acculturation and assimilation on Ethiopian girls' academic achievement, self-identity, and perception of beauty. The authors employ Critical Race Theory, Critical Race Feminism, and Afrocentricity to situate the study and unpack the narratives shared by these newcomers as they navigate social contexts rife with racism, xenophobia, and other forms of oppression. Lastly, the authors examine the implications of Ethiopian immigrant identities and experiences within multicultural education, policy development, and society. 

Following historical and theoretical overview of African immigration, the heart of this book is based on oral history interviews with forty-seven of the more than twenty-two thousand Africa-born immigrants in Kentucky. From a former ambassador from Gambia, a pharmacist from South Africa, a restaurant owner from Guinea, to a certified nursing assistant from the Democratic Republic of Congo--every immigrant has a unique and complex story of their life experiences and the decisions that led them to emigrate to the United States. The compelling narratives reveal why and how the immigrants came to the Bluegrass state--whether it was coming voluntarily as a student or forced because of war--and how they connect with and contribute to their home countries as well as to the US. The immigrants describe their challenges--language, loneliness, cultural differences, credentials for employment, ignorance towards Africa, and racism--and positive experiences such as education, job opportunities, and helpful people. One chapter focuses on family--including interviews with the second generations--and how the immigrants identify themselves.

Nigerians first came to the United States to attend American universities, intending to return home. Successive waves of Nigerian students began to stay, and now Nigerian Americans are the largest African immigrant group in the country. Pursuing education to attain professional careers remains the cornerstone of the new Nigerian American families. This book gives students and general readers a clear view of where these immigrants came from, examining the Nigerian values and way of life that have been adapted to American culture, the inroads they have made economically, their relations with other Americans, and their contributions to American society. The author, a Nigerian immigrant, has experienced the process firsthand and represents his community as an insider. He portrays the people as hard working, religious adherents who value family and education above all, and maintain deep ties and keen interest in current events in Nigeria. Tables, photos, and biographical sketches of noted Nigerian Americans accompany the narrative.

Africans in America come from different regions of the continent; they speak different languages and are from different faith traditions. Nigerian Immigrants in the United States: Race, Identity, and Acculturation attempts to generate an interest in the study of African immigrants by looking at issues of settlement and adjustment of Nigerians in the United States. The literature is scanty about this group of immigrants and little is known about their motivations for moving to the United States and the issues that they face. The book therefore seeks to contribute to the immigration literature and knowledge base as well as document the African narrative showing the flight of Nigerians to the United States. The book further seeks to shine a light on the lives of these transplants as they settle into a new society. It describes those Nigerians who decided on their own to live permanently in the United States, reviewing the social circumstances and behaviors of immigrants from Nigeria, and noting the stress that affects successful integration and adjustment. The book explores the factors that contribute to the adaptation and integration of Nigerian immigrants living in some metropolitan areas of the United States and asks: how do the immigrants themselves interpret their experiences in a new society? In an attempt to answer this question, others are generated such as: Who are these Nigerians that have left their homeland? What has been their experience and how has this experience shaped them and their understanding of the immigration process? Lastly, it asks what we can learn from this experience. Employing the study of this population through the method of phenomenology, Nigerian Immigrants in the United States leads the reader to understand the experience of being different in America from the immigrants'' perspectives and to see the experience through their eyes. Those who work with Nigerian immigrants will find this book insightful and revealing.ffects successful integration and adjustment. The book explores the factors that contribute to the adaptation and integration of Nigerian immigrants living in some metropolitan areas of the United States and asks: how do the immigrants themselves interpret their experiences in a new society? In an attempt to answer this question, others are generated such as: Who are these Nigerians that have left their homeland? What has been their experience and how has this experience shaped them and their understanding of the immigration process? Lastly, it asks what we can learn from this experience. Employing the study of this population through the method of phenomenology, Nigerian Immigrants in the United States leads the reader to understand the experience of being different in America from the immigrants'' perspectives and to see the experience through their eyes. Those who work with Nigerian immigrants will find this book insightful and revealing.ffects successful integration and adjustment. The book explores the factors that contribute to the adaptation and integration of Nigerian immigrants living in some metropolitan areas of the United States and asks: how do the immigrants themselves interpret their experiences in a new society? In an attempt to answer this question, others are generated such as: Who are these Nigerians that have left their homeland? What has been their experience and how has this experience shaped them and their understanding of the immigration process? Lastly, it asks what we can learn from this experience. Employing the study of this population through the method of phenomenology, Nigerian Immigrants in the United States leads the reader to understand the experience of being different in America from the immigrants'' perspectives and to see the experience through their eyes. Those who work with Nigerian immigrants will find this book insightful and revealing.ffects successful integration and adjustment. The book explores the factors that contribute to the adaptation and integration of Nigerian immigrants living in some metropolitan areas of the United States and asks: how do the immigrants themselves interpret their experiences in a new society? In an attempt to answer this question, others are generated such as: Who are these Nigerians that have left their homeland? What has been their experience and how has this experience shaped them and their understanding of the immigration process? Lastly, it asks what we can learn from this experience. Employing the study of this population through the method of phenomenology, Nigerian Immigrants in the United States leads the reader to understand the experience of being different in America from the immigrants'' perspectives and to see the experience through their eyes. Those who work with Nigerian immigrants will find this book insightful and revealing.es the factors that contribute to the adaptation and integration of Nigerian immigrants living in some metropolitan areas of the United States and asks: how do the immigrants themselves interpret their experiences in a new society? In an attempt to answer this question, others are generated such as: Who are these Nigerians that have left their homeland? What has been their experience and how has this experience shaped them and their understanding of the immigration process? Lastly, it asks what we can learn from this experience. Employing the study of this population through the method of phenomenology, Nigerian Immigrants in the United States leads the reader to understand the experience of being different in America from the immigrants'' perspectives and to see the experience through their eyes. Those who work with Nigerian immigrants will find this book insightful and revealing.

African Immigrants in the United States: The Gendering Significance of Race? examines recent trends and implications of the growth of African immigration to the United States. Mamadi Corra highlights several resulting sociodemographic processes underway, including the changing composition of the foreign-born and US Black populations. Corra also explores sociodemographic profiles of these "new African Americans" or "new Americans," highlighting the increasing diversity, yet also the racialized portrait of this group. Corra discusses key patterns including the shifting racial and gender composition of immigrants, with a growing proportion of "Black" and female African immigrants and a decreasing proportion of "White" and male immigrants. The book also compares socioeconomic profiles of African immigrants with other immigrant groups and Native American subgroups. Taken together, Corra discovers that the salience of race that is mediated by gender.

In Beyond Expectations, Onoso Imoagene delves into the multifaceted identities of second-generation Nigerian adults in the United States and Britain. She argues that they conceive of an alternative notion of "black" identity that differs radically from African American and Black Caribbean notions of "black" in the United States and Britain. Instead of considering themselves in terms of their country of destination alone, second-generation Nigerians define themselves in complicated ways that balance racial status, a diasporic Nigerian ethnicity, a pan-African identity, and identification with fellow immigrants.     Based on over 150 interviews, Beyond Expectations seeks to understand how race, ethnicity, and class shape identity and how globalization, transnationalism, and national context inform sense of self.

Fast growing in population, African immigrants in the United States have become a significant force, to the point that the idea of a new African diaspora is now a reality. This thriving community has opened new arenas of scholarly discourse on Black Atlantic history beyond the trans-Atlantic slave trade and its legacies. This book investigates the complex dynamic forces that have shaped, and continue to shape, this new diaspora. In eleven original essays, the volume examines pertinent themes, such as: immigration, integration dilemmas, identity construction, brain drain, remittances, expanding African religious space, and how these dynamics impact and intersect with the African homeland. With contributors from both sides of the Atlantic that represent a diverse range of academic disciplines, this book offers a broad perspective on emerging themes in contemporary African diasporan experiences. The book will be of interest to scholars and students of African and African-American Studies, Sociology, and History.

As the number of African-born students in American schools increases, it is important that schools enlarge the circle of diversity to include African-born students who are rendered invisible by their skin color and continent of origin.. African Immigrants Experiences in American Schools: Complicating the Race Discourse is aimed at filling the gap in the literature about African-born students in American schools. This book will not only assist teachers and administrators in understanding the nuanced cultural, sociological, and socio-cognitive differences between American-born and African-born students; it will also equip them with effective interpersonal teaching strategies adapted to the distinct needs of African-born students and others like them. The book explores in depth salient African-rooted factors that come into play in the social and academic integration of African immigrant students, such as gender, spirituality, colonization, religious affiliation, etc. The authors examine American-rooted factors that complicate the adaptation of these students in the US educational school system, such as institutional racism, Afrophobia, Islamophobia, cultural discontinuities, curricular mismatches, and western media mis-portrayals. They also proffer pedagogical tools and frameworks that may help minimize these deleterious factors."

As a Somali working since high school in the United Arab Emirates, Osman considers himself "blessed" to be in a Muslim country, though citizenship, with the security it offers, remains elusive. For Ardo, smuggled out of Somalia to join her husband in South Africa, insecurities are of a more immediate, physical kind, and her economic prospects and legal status are more uncertain. Adam, in the United States--a destination often imagined as an earthly Eden, or jannah, by so many of his compatriots--now sees heaven in a return to Somalia. The stories of these three people are among the many that emerge from mass migration triggered by the political turmoil and civil war plaguing Somalia since 1988. And they are among the diverse collection presented in eloquent detail in Elusive Jannah, a remarkable portrait of the very different experiences of Somali migrants in the UAE, South Africa, and the United States. Somalis in the UAE, a relatively closed Muslim nation, are a minority within a large South Asian population of labor migrants. In South Africa, they are part of a highly racialized and segregated postapartheid society. In the United States they find themselves in a welfare state with its own racial, socioeconomic, and political tensions. A comparison of Somali settlements in these three locations clearly reveals the importance of immigration policies in the migrant experience. Cawo M. Abdi's nuanced analysis demonstrates that a full understanding of successful migration and integration must go beyond legal, economic, and physical security to encompass a sense of religious, cultural, and social belonging. Her timely book underscores the sociopolitical forces shaping the Somali diaspora, as well as the roles of the nation-state, the war on terror, and globalization in both constraining and enabling their search for citizenship and security.

"According to the 2008–2012 American Community Survey (ACS), 39.8 million foreign-born people resided in the United States, including 1.6 million from Africa,
or about 4 percent of the total foreign-born population. In 1970, there were about 80,000 African foreign born, representing less than 1 percent of the total foreign born population (Figure 1). During the following four decades, the number of foreign born from Africa grew rapidly, roughly doubling each decade."

The untold story of African-born migrants and their vibrant African influence in Harlem. From the 1920s to the early 1960s, Harlem was the intellectual and cultural center of the Black world. The Harlem Renaissance movement brought together Black writers, artists, and musicians from different backgrounds who helped rethink the place of Black people in American society at a time of segregation and lack of recognition of their civil rights. But where is the story of African immigrants in Harlem's most recent renaissance? Africans in Harlem examines the intellectual, artistic, and creative exchanges between Africa and New York dating back to the 1910s, a story that has not been fully told until now. From Little Senegal, along 116th Street between Lenox Avenue and Frederick Douglass Boulevard, to the African street vendors on 125th Street, to African stores, restaurants, and businesses throughout the neighborhood, the African presence in Harlem has never been more active and visible than it is today. In Africans in Harlem, author, scholar, writer, and filmmaker Boukary Sawadogo explores Harlem's African presence and influence from his own perspective as an African-born immigrant. Sawadogo captures the experiences, challenges, and problems African émigrés have faced in Harlem since the 1980s, notably work, interaction, diversity, identity, religion, and education. With a keen focus on the history of Africans through the lens of media, theater, the arts, and politics, this historical overview features compelling character-driven narratives and interviews of longtime residents as well as community and religious leaders. A blend of self-examination as an immigrant member in Harlem and research on diasporic community building in New York City, Africans in Harlem reveals how African immigrants have transformed Harlem economically and culturally as they too have been transformed. It is also a story about New York City and its self-renewal by the contributions of new human capital, creative energies, dreams nurtured and fulfilled, and good neighbors by drawing parallels between the history of the African presence in Harlem with those of other ethnic immigrants in the most storied neighborhood in America.

Immigrants and Comics is an interdisciplinary, themed anthology that focuses on how comics have played a crucial role in representing, constructing, and reifying the immigrant subject and the immigrant experience in popular global culture of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Nhora Lucía Serrano and a diverse group of contributors examine immigrant experience as they navigate new socio-political milieux in cartoons, comics, and graphic novels across cultures and time periods. They interrogate how immigration is portrayed in comics and how the 'immigrant' was an indispensable and vital trope to the development of the comics medium in the twentieth century. At the heart of the book's interdisciplinary nexus is a critical framework steeped in the ideas of remembrance and commemoration, what Pierre Nora calls lieux de mémoire. This book will be of interest to students and scholars in Visual Studies, Comparative Literature, English, Ethnic Studies, Francophone Studies, American Studies, Hispanic Studies, art history, and museum studies.

The first wave of Black immigrants arrived in North America during the 1960s and 1970s, coming originally from the Caribbean. An opportunity was missed,however, in documenting their everyday experience from a social science perspective: what did it mean for a Barbadian or a Jamaican to live in Toronto or New York? Were they Jamaicans or did they go with the descriptor 'Black'? What relationship did they have with African Canadians or African Americans? Black Immigrants in North Americaanswersthese and other questions while documenting the second wave of Black immigration to North America, which started in the early 1990s. Theoretically and empirically grounded, the book is a documentation of the process of becoming Black - a radical identity transformation where a continental African is marked by Blackness. This, in turn, leads to a deeper understanding of what it means to encounter that social imaginary of, 'Oh, they all look like Blacks to me!' This encounter impacts what one learns and how one learns it, where learning English as a Second Language (ESL) is sidestepped in favor of Black English as a Second Language (BESL). Learning becomes a political and a pedagogical project of cultural, linguistic and identity investment and desire. Perfect for courses such as:Black Immigrants, Race Complexity, Critical Applied Linguistics, Ethnography, Graduate Course on Educational Foundations and Curriculum

2019 Foreword INDIES Award, Honorable Mention for Adventure, Sports & Rec 2020 Nebraska Book Award Akoy Agau led Omaha Central High School to four straight high school basketball state championships (2010-13) and was a three‑time All‑State player. One of the most successful high school athletes in Nebraska's history, he's also a South Sudanese refugee. At age four, Akoy and his family fled Sudan during the Second Sudanese Civil War, and after three years in Cairo, they came to Maryland as refugees. They arrived in Omaha in 2003 in search of a better future.   In Omaha the Agaus joined the largest South Sudanese resettlement population in the United States. While federal resources and local organizations help refugees with housing, health care, and job placement, the challenge to assimilate culturally was particularly steep. For Akoy basketball provided a sense of belonging and an avenue to realize his potential. He landed a Division 1 basketball scholarship to Louisville for a year and a half, then played at Georgetown for two injury‑plagued seasons before he graduated in the spring of 2017. With remaining eligibility, he played for Southern Methodist University while pursuing a graduate degree. In a fluid, intimate, and joyful narrative, Steve Marantz relates Akoy's refugee journey of basketball, family, romance, social media, and coming of age at Nebraska's oldest and most diverse high school. Set against a backdrop of the South Sudanese refugee community in Omaha, Marantz provides a compelling account of the power of sports to blend cultures in the unlikeliest of places.

Winner of the 2020 Otis Dudley Duncan Award for Outstanding Scholarship in Social Demography Honorable Mention for the 2020 Thomas and Znaniecki Award from the International Migration Section of the American Sociological Association​​​​​​​ Over the last four decades, immigration from the Caribbean and sub-Saharan Africa to the U. S. has increased rapidly. In several states, African immigrants are now major drivers of growth in the black population. While social scientists and commentators have noted that these black immigrants' social and economic outcomes often differ from those of their native-born counterparts, few studies have carefully analyzed the mechanisms that produce these disparities. In Immigration and the Remaking of Black America, sociologist and demographer Tod Hamilton shows how immigration is reshaping black America. He weaves together interdisciplinary scholarship with new data to enhance our understanding of the causes of socioeconomic stratification among both the native-born and newcomers.   Hamilton demonstrates that immigration from the Caribbean and sub-Saharan Africa is driven by selective migration, meaning that newcomers from these countries tend to have higher educational attainment than those who stay behind. As a result, they arrive in the U.S. with some advantages over native-born blacks, and, in some cases, over whites. He also shows the importance of historical context: prior to the Civil Rights Movement, black immigrants' socioeconomic outcomes resembled native-born blacks' much more closely, regardless of their educational attainment in their country of origin. Today, however, certain groups of black immigrants have better outcomes than native-born black Americans--such as lower unemployment rates and higher rates of homeownership--in part because they immigrated at a time of expanding opportunities for minorities and women in general. Hamilton further finds that rates of marriage and labor force participation among native-born blacks that move away from their birth states resemble those of many black immigrants, suggesting that some disparities within the black population stem from processes associated with migration, rather than from nativity alone.   Hamilton argues that failing to account for this diversity among the black population can lead to incorrect estimates of the social progress made by black Americans and the persistence of racism and discrimination. He calls for future research on racial inequality to disaggregate different black populations. By richly detailing the changing nature of black America, Immigration and the Remaking of Black America helps scholars and policymakers to better understand the complexity of racial disparities in the twenty-first century.

The literature suggests that African Americans (native Blacks) differ from Black immigrants and children of Black immigrants (immigrant Blacks) in their educational outcomes. Thomas contributes to this growing body of work, showing through regression analyses and interview data, similarities in college experiences and outcomes. There is a unique Black college experience that transcends family immigration history. Social integration and intellectual integration into the university is different for Black students as compared to White, Asian, and Chicano/Latino students. The Black college experience is less favorable than the experiences of non-Black students. I conclude with suggestions on how universities can improve the intellectual integration and overall college experience of Black students.

This book systematically documents the experiences of Ghanaian communities in North America as a case study of the new African migration. The rapid increase in the number of Ghanaians lawfully admitted as permanent residents since 1980 offers an opportunity to investigate their immigrant journeys, their membership in the larger society and the expression of their individual and collective social identities. Using original empirical data from the US and Canada as well as comparative material from the UK and the Netherlands, the author also investigates the relationship between these new African migrants and the native-born black diaspora in the US. This study balances theoretical insight with policy implications, using the case-study as a lens not just on African migration but also on significant conceptual themes in migration studies including transnationalism, identity, social networks, remittances, economic integration and citizenship.