Copyright assures creators of works a bundle of exclusive rights including: 

• reproduction of works
• distribution of copies
• making of derivative works
• public performance and display of works

Works are protected automatically and do not require a copyright notice (©) or registration. See the fair use resources to learn how you can use copyrighted works.

Under the Fair Use provision, Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act, four factors can be considered to determine if a use is fair:

Including copyrighted images in your online thesis or dissertation?

Please see #6 of the VRA Statement on the Fair Use of Images (pp.11-12).

The six uses of copyrighted still images that the VRA believes fall within the U.S. doctrine of fair use:
1) Preservation (storing images for repeated use in a teaching context and transferring images to new formats);
2) Use of Images for Teaching Purposes;
3) Use of Images (both large, high-resolution images and thumbnails) on course websites and in other online study materials;
4) Adaptations of Images for Teaching and Classroom Work by Students;
5) Sharing Images Among Educational and Cultural Institutions to Facilitate Teaching and Study; and
6) Reproduction of Images in Theses and Dissertations

See #6 PRINCIPLE and SUGGESTIONS for Reproduction of Images in Theses and Dissertations (p.11).

Suggestions for use include: 

• Significant commentary accompanying the image used
• Images included are the subject of commentary or to illustrate a scholarly argument
• Images are incorporated at a size or resolution necessary to make best scholarly argument
• Atributions are provided to the copyright owners

If you have any questions, please contact: digital@wumail.wustl.edu

General Fair Use tools:

•  4 Factors of Fair Use - University of Minnesota
•  Fair Use Checklist - Columbia University Libraries Copyright Advisory Office 

Fair Use tools specificly for images:

VRA Statement on the Fair Use of Images for Teaching, Research and Study (Dec. 2011)

The statement enumerates a number of favored purposes for which the use of a copyrighted image will typically be fair, such as:

1. Preservation (storing images for repeated use in a teaching context and transferring images to new formats)
2. Use of images for teaching purposes
3. Use of images (both large, high-resolution images and thumbnails) on course websites and in other online study materials
4. Adaptations of images for teaching and classroom work by students
5. Sharing images among educational and cultural institutions to facilitate teaching and study
6. Reproduction of images in theses and dissertations (includes online distribution)

DIRC – Digital Image Rights Computator (2008)

The DIRC program guides you through a series of questions addressing the following five variables to determine if use is fair. The answer will be highlighted with a tan border. Keep in mind, DIRC is more conservative than VRA Statement on Fair Use.

1.       The copyright status of the underlying work represented in the image.

2.       The copyright status of the photographic reproduction.

3.       The specific source from which you have obtained the image under consideration.

4.       Any terms of use or contract that may govern the uses of this image.

5.       The intended use(s) of this image.